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Sources of Influence in Robotic Surgery Decision-Making Among Korean Adults : A Modified Health Belief Model

초록/요약

Robotic surgery has expanded rapidly in South Korea, but limited evidence exists on how Korean adults form decisions about robotic surgery and which sources of influence they rely on during this process. This study examined sociodemographic, health-related, and health belief factors associated with the sources of influence in robotic surgery decision-making among Korean adults. This study used data from a nationwide cross-sectional online survey conducted in South Korea in December 2025. A total of 1,012 respondents were included in the final analysis. The dependent variable was the sources of influence when deciding about robotic surgery, categorized as doctor’s recommendation, family or friends, and other sources. Independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics, health-related factors, and health belief constructs; specifically, perceived cancer threat, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy, drawn and adapted from the Health Belief Model. Multinomial logistic regression was performed, with doctor’s recommendation as the reference category. Interaction effects were also examined, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted after excluding respondents with prior robotic surgery experience among themselves or immediate family members. Doctor’s recommendation was the most frequently reported source of influence, followed by family and friends. Interpreted through the Health Belief Model, respondents with higher perceived colorectal cancer threat and stronger perceived clinical safety benefits were more likely to rely on doctor’s recommendation rather than family or friends or other sources. This suggests that greater perceived threat and perceived benefits were associated with preference for professional medical guidance. In contrast, respondents who reported greater difficulty understanding medical information were more likely to rely on family or friends, suggesting that information barriers may increase dependence on informal support to interpret medical information. Prior robotic surgery experience was also associated with greater reliance on family or friends, indicating that personal or family experience may shape decision-making alongside health beliefs. A significant interaction was found between gender and perceived colorectal cancer threat, suggesting that the association between perceived threat and reliance on doctor’s recommendation differed by gender. The sensitivity analysis showed that the main findings and the gender interaction pattern remained largely consistent after excluding respondents with prior robotic surgery experience. These findings suggest that robotic surgery decision-making among Korean adults is shaped by perceived cancer threat, perceived clinical safety benefits, information barriers, prior robotic surgery experience, and gender. Strengthening patient-centered clinical communication, reducing health literacy barriers, and supporting structured family involvement in surgical consultations are important steps toward improving decision-making support for robotic surgery in the South Korean healthcare context. Keywords: robotic surgery, sources of influence, Health Belief Model, decision-making, doctor’s recommendation, family influence, South Korea

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초록/요약

로봇수술은 한국에서 빠르게 확대되어 왔으나, 로봇수술에 대한 의사결정을 어떻게 형성하고 이 과정에서 어떤 영향원에 의존하는지에 관한 근거는 여전히 제한적이다. 이 연구는 한국 성인의 로봇수술 의사결정에서 영향원과 관련된 인구사회학적 요인, 건강 관련 요인, 및 건강 신념 요인을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 2025년 12월 한국에서 실시된 전국 단면 온라인 설문조사 자료를 활용하였다. 최종 분석에는 총 1,012명의 응답자가 포함되었다. 종속변수는 로봇수술 의사결정 시 주요 영향원으로, 의사의 권고, 가족 또는 친구, 기타 출처의 세 가지 범주로 분류하였다. 독립변수에는 인구사회학적 특성, 건강 관련 요인, 그리고 건강신념모형에서 도출 및 적용된 건강 신념 구성요소, 즉 암 위협 인식, 지각된 이익, 지각된 장애, 자기효능감이 포함되었다. 의사의 권고를 기준 범주로 설정한 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 상호작용 효과를 추가로 분석하였다. 또한 본인 또는 직계가족의 로봇수술 경험이 있는 응답자를 제외한 후 민감도 분석을 실시하였다. 의사의 권고가 가장 빈번하게 보고된 영향원이었으며, 그 다음으로 가족 및 친구가 뒤를 이었다. 건강신념모형의 구성요소를 통해 해석하면, 대장암 위협 인식이 높고 임상적 안전성 이익에 대한 인식이 강한 응답자일수록 가족 또는 친구나 기타 출처보다 의사의 권고에 더 의존하는 경향을 보였다. 이는 지각된 위협과 지각된 이익이 클수록 전문적 의학적 지도에 대한 선호와 관련됨을 시사한다. 반면, 의학 정보를 이해하는 데 어려움을 보고한 응답자는 가족 또는 친구에게 더 의존하는 경향을 보였으며, 이는 정보 이해의 장애가 의학 정보 해석을 위한 비공식적 지지에 대한 의존을 증가시킬 수 있음을 시사한다. 로봇수술 경험 또한 가족 또는 친구에 대한 의존 증가와 관련이 있었으며, 이는 개인 또는 가족의 경험이 건강 신념과 함께 의사결정 과정에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 나타낸다. 성별과 대장암 위협 인식 간에 유의한 상호작용이 확인되었으며, 이는 지각된 위협과 의사의 권고에 대한 의존 간의 관련성이 성별에 따라 다를 수 있음을 시사한다. 민감도 분석 결과, 로봇수술 경험이 있는 응답자를 제외한 후에도 주요 결과 및 성별 상호작용 양상은 전반적으로 일관되게 유지되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국 성인의 로봇수술 의사결정이 대장암 위협 인식, 임상적 안전성 이익에 대한 인식, 정보 이해 장애, 로봇수술 경험, 및 성별에 의해 형성됨을 시사한다. 환자 중심의 임상 의사소통 강화, 건강 리터러시 장애 감소, 그리고 수술 상담 과정에서의 체계적인 가족 참여 지원은 한국 의료환경에서 로봇수술 의사결정 지원을 향상시키기 위한 중요한 방향이다. 주요어: 로봇수술, 영향원, 건강신념모형, 의사결정, 의사의 권고, 가족 영향, 한국

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목차

I. Introduction 1
1. Background 1
2. Study Aim 4
3. Research Question 4
II. Literature Review 4
1. Robotic Surgery 4
1.1 Definition, History, and Technical Development 4
1.2 Clinical Advantages and Limitations 6
1.3 Global Adoption and Access Disparities 7
1.4 Robotic Surgery Adoption in South Korea 8
2. Patient Decision-Making in Surgical Treatment Choice 9
2.1 Models of Health Care Decision-Making 9
2.2 The Current State of Shared Decision-Making in Health Care Systems 10
2.3 Shared Decision-Making in the South Korean Healthcare Context 11
2.4 Health Information-Seeking Behavior and the Role of Social Networks 13
2.5 Existing Research on Shared Decision-Making in South Korea and the Gap for Robotic Surgery 14
3. Theoretical Framework: The Health Belief Model 16
3.1 Origins and Core Constructs 16
3.2 Prior Applications of the HBM in Cancer Care and Surgical Decision-Making 18
3.3 Rationale for the HBM: Comparison with Alternative Theoretical Frameworks 20
4. Research Gap and Justification for the Present Study 23
5. Conceptual Framework 25
III. Methodology 25
1. Study Design 25
2. Data sources and study populations 26
3. Data Collection Procedure 28
4. Conceptual Framework: The Health Belief Model 29
5. Variables 29
5.1 Dependent Variable 29
5.2 Independent Variable 30
5.3 Recoding of Variables 36
6 Statistical Analysis 37
7 Software and significance level 38
8 Statement of research ethics 38
IV. Results 39
1. Distribution of the Most Influential Factors in Future Robotic Surgery Decision-Making 39
2. Participant Characteristics and Distribution of Sources of Influence 40
2.1 General characteristics of participants 40
2.2 Sociodemographic and Health-related Factors Associated with Sources of Influence 41
2.3 HBM Constructs Associated with Sources of Influence 43
3. Multivariable Analysis: Factors Associated with Sources of Influence 48
3.1 Sociodemographic Factors 48
3.2 Health-Related Factors 49
3.3 HBM Factors 49
3.4 Sensitivity Analysis 53
4. Interaction Between Gender and Perceived Cancer Threat 54
V. Discussion 57
VI. Conclusion 71
References 73
Appendix 80
논문 요약 84

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