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ALIGNING NATIONAL GREEN GROWTH STRATEGIES WITH ARTICLE 6 OF THE UNFCCC : THE CASE OF SOUTH KOREA

초록/요약

Article 6 of the Paris Agreement is designed to promote cooperation between countries on the basis of market-based and non-market mechanisms to help countries reduce their greenhouse gas emission levels while pursuing sustainable development. The research focuses on the national strategies on green growth demonstrated by South Korea, according to the three aspects of Article 6, namely 6.2, 6.4, and 6.8. Employing document analysis and thematic analysis, this study examined government strategies, official reports, and academic literature to understand the role of institutional, legal, and policy frameworks in facilitating or undermining South Korea’s involvement in international carbon markets. Furthermore, the study aimed to gain insights into Korean domestic climate policies, structures, carbon credit arrangements, and their impact on Korean capabilities to effectively target reductions in GHG emissions while achieving the long- term carbon neutrality target. The findings showed gaps in non-market cooperation, limits in institutional coordination, and the effects of relying on market-based mechanisms. The study contributes to understanding how emerging economies can connect national strategies with global climate governance. It provides evidence-based recommendations to improve policy consistency and promote sustainable climate leadership. Keywords: South Korea, Article 6, Paris Agreement, UNFCCC, green growth, carbon neutrality, climate governance.

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목차

CHAPTER I: Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Problem Statement with Justification 4
1.3 Research Gaps 5
1.4 Research Questions and Hypotheses 6
1.5 Literature Review 7
1.6 Methodology 19
1.7 Outline of the Thesis 21
CHAPTER II: Climate Change and Global Climate Governance 23
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 Defining Climate Change 24
2.3 Global Climate Governance 27
2.3.1 State-Based Climate Governance 28
2.3.2 Market-Based Climate Governance 35
2.4 Understanding the Link Between Global Climate Governance and National Policy Implementation 41
2.5 Conceptual Framework of the Study 43
2.6 Chapter Summary 48
CHAPTER III: Climate Policy in South Korea and Its Alignment with Global Climate Governance 50
3.1. Introduction 50
3.2. Institutional Readiness and Legal Frameworks for Article 6 Engagement 52
3.2.1. The Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality and Green Growth (2021) 52
3.2.2. Institutional Coordination and Governance Structures 53
3.2.3. Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) Systems 56
3.3. Alignment with Article 6.2: Cooperative Approaches and ITMO Transactions 57
3.3.1 The K-ETS as Infrastructure for Article 6.2 57
3.3.2 Bilateral Carbon Credit Agreements 59
3.3.3 NDC Reliance on International Cooperation 62
3.4. Alignment with Article 6.4: The Sustainable Development Mechanism 64
3.4.1 Institutional Preparedness for Article 6.4 Participation 64
3.4.2 Green Growth Strategy and Technology Innovation as SDM Foundations 65
3.4.3 Lessons from CDM Experience 66
3.5. Alignment with Article 6.8: Non-Market Approaches 67
3.5.1 Formal Recognition Without Operational Architecture. 67
3.5.2 ODA and Climate Finance: An Indirect Non-Market Channel 68
3.5.3 Technology Transfer and Capacity-Building: Structural Gaps 70
3.6. ESG Frameworks and Their Interaction with Article 6 Implementation 72
3.7. Synthesis: Strengths, Gaps, and the Question of Balance 73
3.8. Chapter Summary 75
CHAPTER IV: Discussion and Explanation of Hypothesis 76
4.1 Introduction 76
4.2 Testing the Hypothesis Against the Findings 78
4.3 Market-Based Mechanisms, NDC Integrity, and the Risk of Domestic Mitigation Displacement 79
4.3.1 The Structural Logic of ITMO Dependence 79
4.3.2 Carbon Price Adequacy and Industrial Transformation 82
4.3.3 Corresponding Adjustments and Environmental Integrity 84
4.4 The Constraints on Non-Market Cooperation and Their Consequences 85
4.4.1 Why Non-Market Approaches Remain Marginal 85
4.4.2 Consequences for Partner Country Equity and Sustainable Development 88
4.4.3 The Integration Gap Between ODA and Article 6 90
4.5 Article 6 Engagement and South Korea's Climate Diplomacy: Transactional vs. Transformational 92
4.5.1 The Green Middle Power Identity and Its Tensions 92
4.5.2 Soft Power and the Institutional Hosting Advantage 94
4.5.3 South Korea's Article 6 Engagement in the Regional Context 95
4.6 Policy Recommendations 97
4.6.1 Strengthening Market-Based Article 6 Integrity 97
4.6.2 Developing Operational Architecture for Non-Market Cooperation 98
4.6.3 Improving Governance Coherence 99
4.7 Limitations of the Study 99
4.8 Contributions of the Study 100
4.9 Directions for Future Research 101
4.10 Chapter Summary 103
REFERENCES 106

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