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SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS MODEL IN THE HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY : COMPARATIVE STUDY IN INDONESIA AND SOUTH KOREA

초록/요약

This study examines the implementation of Sustainable Business Models (SBMs) in healthcare organizations across Indonesia and South Korea using the VARIM framework (Value Proposition, Adaptability, Rareness, Inimitability, and Monetization) integrated with Sustainable Development Goals indicators, analyzing four healthcare organizations: Siloam Hospitals and RS Universitas Padjadjaran from Indonesia, and Samsung Medical Center and Ajou University Hospital from South Korea. The findings reveal four distinct pathways to sustainable healthcare business models shaped by institutional systems and economic contexts: Samsung Medical Center achieves the highest VARIM score (92/100) through a technology-efficiency-driven pathway leveraging corporate backing, AI integration, and research excellence; Siloam Hospitals achieves 83.5/100 through a social sustainability-driven pathway emphasizing accessibility via JKN integration across 42+ facilities, crisis response excellence, and community embeddedness; Ajou University Hospital achieves 83/100 through a technology-excellence-driven pathway built upon 30 years of operational expertise, triple JCI certification, and specialized capabilities as the only Korean hospital with all four essential medical systems; and RS Universitas Padjadjaran achieves 67/100 through an education-access- driven pathway leveraging its unique 5-faculty integration model and full BPJS participation despite operational newness since March 2024. The research concludes that sustainable healthcare business models are context-dependent configurations rather than universal templates, with success determined by alignment between organizational capabilities and environmental demands Indonesian organizations achieve sustainability through accessibility focus, organizational flexibility, and social capital accumulation, while Korean organizations achieve equivalent outcomes through technological sophistication and quality excellence, demonstrating the equifinality principle that multiple configurations can achieve successful sustainability outcomes when properly aligned with contextual factors including economic development stage, institutional ownership structure, and national healthcare system characteristics.

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목차

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research Background 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 4
1.3 Research Objectives 5
CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 Sustainable Business Models Through the VARIM Framework 6
2.1.1 Value 7
2.1.2 Adaptability 7
2.1.3 Rareness 8
2.1.4 Inimitability 8
2.1.5 Monetization 9
2.2 Sustainability in Healthcare 10
2.3 The VARIM Framework 10
2.4 VARIM Application in Healthcare 11
2.4.1 Value Application 11
2.4.2 Adaptability Application 11
2.4.3 Rareness Application 12
2.4.4 Inimitability Application 12
2.4.5 Monetization Application 12
2.5 Comparative Landscape Between Indonesia and Korea 13
CHAPTER 3 : METHODOLOGY 17
3.1 Research Design 17
3.2 Sample Selection 18
3.3 Analytical Framework: VARIM and WHO-SDG Integration 22
3.3.1 VARIM Framework Overview 22
3.3.2 WHO-SDG Indicators and Healthcare Sustainability 23
3.3.3 VARIM-SDG Integration Matrix 31
3.4 Data Collection and Analysis Protocol 37
3.4.1 Conversion of Qualitative Data to Quantitative Scores 37
3.5 Data Analysis and Comparative Framework 45
3.5.1 Within-Case Analysis 45
3.5.2 Cross-Case Comparative Analysis 45
3.5.3 Pattern Identification and Theorization 46
3.6 Limitations and Mitigation Strategies 46
3.6.1 Secondary Data Limitations 46
3.6.2 Sample Size Limitations 47
3.6.3 Scoring Subjectivity 47
3.6.4 Institutional Data Availability Variations 47
3.7 Ethical Considerations 48
CHAPTER 4 : DATA ANALYSIS 50
4.1 Data Collection Protocol and Sources 50
4.2 Organizational Profiles and Data Sources. 53
4.2.1 Siloam Hospitals Group (Indonesia) 53
4.2.2 Samsung Medical Center (South Korea) 55
4.2.3 Universitas Padjajaran Hospital 57
4.2.4 Ajou University Hospital 59
4.2.5 Data Availability Assessment and Evidence Gaps 61
4.3 VARIM Component Scoring Analysis 63
4.3.1 Value Proposition Analysis 63
4.3.2 Adaptability Analysis 72
4.3.3 Rareness Analysis 80
4.3.4 Inimitability Analysis 87
4.3.5 Monetization Analysis 95
4.4 Overall VARIM Comparative Summary 101
4.5 Key Findings and Discussion 108
4.5.1 Siloam Hospitals: Social Sustainability-Driven Pathway 108
4.5.2 Samsung Medical Center: Technology-Efficiency Pathway 109
4.5.3 RS Universitas Padjadjaran: Education-Access-Driven Pathway 110
4.5.4 Ajou University Hospital: Technology-Excellence-Driven Pathway 111
4.5.5 Comparative Analysis: Equifinality in Healthcare SBMs 112
CHAPTER 5 : CONCLUSION 115
REFERENCES 122

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