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Unlocking The Potential of Peer-To-Peer Energy Trading : Hybrid Pricing Mechanism and Network Cost Allocation Approach

초록/요약

Peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading is a renewable energy integration method that is aimed at being used in a decentralized electricity market. Distributed energy resources (DERs) owners are allowed to directly make transactions with other electricity consumers in P2P energy trading. However, P2P energy trading lacks a strong foundation in defining an optimal auction model to accommodate and ensure sustainable and effective trading for prosumers and consumers. By employing an appropriate auction model, P2P energy trading can enhance the overall profit of market stakeholders while also increasing the inclusivity of the market by accommodating a larger number of participants. In this case, this thesis explores the development and analysis of P2P energy trading mechanisms focusing on market design. A comprehensive study of P2P energy trading pricing mechanisms including uniform pricing and discriminatory pricing is presented. In this part, the advantages of each pricing mechanism are emphasized and then their disadvantages will be evaluated through a numerical simulation. The comparison of uniform and discriminatory pricing mechanisms is presented to assess further development required to improve P2P energy trading operation. Furthermore, P2P energy trading is implemented within the existing power grid infrastructure, particularly at the distribution system level. This integration may influence the operational reliability of the distribution network. To ensure fair compensation for the use of the distribution system, P2P trading activities are evaluated and subsequently translated into network usage costs. In this context, a network cost allocation method is introduced to distribute these costs among market participants based on their respective contributions to network utilization. To identify the most suitable cost allocation method for P2P energy trading, both physical and non-physical characteristics of the trading system are defined, accompanied by evaluation metrics for each property. A numerical simulation is then conducted to assess the effectiveness of the proposed network cost allocation methods. In the final part of this study, a bilevel hybrid P2P energy trading model is proposed to enhance the operational efficiency of P2P energy markets. The proposed model integrates the advantages of both uniform pricing and discriminatory pricing mechanisms through a distributed optimization framework based on the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM). Additionally, a network cost allocation strategy is incorporated to assign network usage costs fairly among P2P participants based on their contribution to the distribution system. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a numerical simulation is conducted, comparing its performance against conventional uniform and discriminatory pricing schemes. The results demonstrate that the proposed method successfully leverages the benefits of both pricing strategies, thereby improving trading efficiency, profitability, and participant inclusivity in P2P energy markets.

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목차

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 BACKGROUND 1
1.2 THESIS CONTRIBUTION 4
1.3 THESIS OUTLINE 5
CHAPTER 2. PEER-TO-PEER ENERGY TRADING MECHANISM 7
2.1 PEER-TO-PEER ENERGY TRADING FRAMEWORK 7
2.2 UNIFORM PRICE-BASED P2P ENERGY TRADING: PARTICIPANTS MODEL 9
2.3 UNIFORM PRICE-BASED P2P ENERGY TRADING: EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS 11
2.4 DISCRIMINATORY PRICE-BASED P2P ENERGY TRADING: SYSTEM CONSTRAINTS 12
2.5 DISCRIMINATORY PRICE-BASED P2P ENERGY TRADING: TARIFF STRUCTURE 15
2.6 DISCRIMINATORY PRICE-BASED P2P ENERGY TRADING: EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS 18
2.7 SIMULATION 19
CHAPTER 3. STUDY ON NETWORK COST ALLOCATION METHOD FOR THE APPLICATION OF P2P ENERGY TRADING 26
3.1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: VOLTAGE 26
3.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: CONGESTION 28
3.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: NETWORK LOSS 30
3.4 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: POWER INJECTION DYNAMICS 32
3.5 NONPHYSICAL PROPERTIES: ENERGY COST 33
3.6 NONPHYSICAL PROPERTIES: MARKET COMPETITIVENESS 35
3.7 NETWORK COST ALLOCATION METHODS: DISTANCE-BASED ALLOCATION METHODS 37
3.8 NETWORK COST ALLOCATION METHODS: POWER TRACING-BASED ALLOCATION METHODS 39
3.9 NETWORK COST ALLOCATION METHODS: POWER DISTRIBUTION FACTOR-BASED ALLOCATION METHODS 42
3.10 NETWORK COST ALLOCATION METHODS: COMBINATORIAL-BASED ALLOCATION METHODS 45
3.11 NUMERICAL SIMULATION 47
CHAPTER 4. DEVELOPMENT OF HYBRID PEER-TO-PEER ENERGY TRADING MODEL 59
4.1 ARCHITECTURE OF COMMUNITY-BASED P2P ENERGY TRADING 59
4.2 MARKET CLEARING STRATEGY: UNIFORM PRICING 60
4.3 MARKET CLEARING STRATEGY: DISCRIMINATORY PRICING 62
4.4 CLUSTERING ALGORITHM 64
4.5 PROPOSED TWO-STAGE P2P ENERGY TRADING 69
4.6 SIMULATION 76
CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION 85
REFERENCES 88

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