Power Generation Potential of Addis Ababa City Municipal Solid Waste Using Landfill Gas Technology : Projection of Electricity Generating Potential
- 주제(키워드) Thesis
- 주제(DDC) 333.79
- 발행기관 아주대학교
- 지도교수 Yonghun Jung
- 발행년도 2022
- 학위수여년월 2022. 2
- 학위명 석사
- 학과 국제대학원 융합에너지학과
- 실제URI http://www.dcollection.net/handler/ajou/000000031653
- 본문언어 영어
- 저작권 아주대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다.
초록/요약
Rapid urbanization, limitation of services and increasing of municipal solid waste generation per capital in present time is a huge challenge for Addis Ababa, capital city of Ethiopia. The population is expected to reaches more than 7 million in 2030. With increasing demand of energy and global issue of pollution due to solid waste, the idea of energy from waste is attracting the attention of nations. Energy recovery either electricity or heat from waste has a dual advantage, in recovering energy and direct and indirect reduction of emission. In Addis Ababa city solid waste generation in 2019 reached 1400 tons/day with 0.45 kg/day/person the projection shows in 2040 it will reaches 0.99 kg/day/person. According to growth and transformation plan of Ethiopia, in the coming 30 years, Ethiopia will reach upper middle-income country. This growth projection shows waste generation rate and composition dynamically variable due to economic gain. Thus, in this thesis Addis Ababa city municipal solid waste generation projection estimated for the coming 30 years according to the population and income level projection. Waste collection and its composition is considered in the growth of the country. This research is a descriptive-cross sectional study in which Landfill Gas Emission Model software was used to estimate the methane rate produced at Sendafa landfill. Landfill Gas Emission Model uses First Order Decay equation to estimate recovery potential of methane gas from solid waste. Country specific and research area related model input parameters are applied in the analysis. Maximum methane gas recovery will reach 3.68E+11 m3/year in 2051. Projection of electricity recovery and its cost of generation from landfill gas estimated using Landfill Gas Cost spreadsheet tool. Addis Ababa city have potential of generating 128MW of electricity from methane gas in 2025 with generating cost of 0.03$/kWh. This study gives long term projection on potential for energy recovery from solid waste and its impact on the present and future energy system of Addis Ababa city.
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Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 5
1.3 Background on Municipal Solid Waste Management in Addis Ababa City 6
1.4 Research Question 7
1.5 Research Objective 8
1.6 Methodology 11
Chapter 2 Literature Review 12
2.1 Landfill Gas Technology and MSW Features 12
2.2 Global Picture of Municipal Solid Waste Management 13
2.2.1 Municipal Solid Waste Generation by GDP 13
2.2.2 Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste 14
2.2.3 Global MSW Management by Income Level Using Different Technology 16
2.3 Ethiopia Energy Situation 17
2.4 Municipal Solid Waste in Ethiopia 20
2.4.1 Waste Generating Potential and GDP in Ethiopia in the Coming 30 Years 22
2.4.2 Municipal Solid Waste in Addis Ababa 22
2.4.3 Overview of Waste to Energy in Ethiopia 25
2.5 Technology Option for Waste to Energy 26
2.5.1 Landfill Gas Recovery (LFG) 28
2.5.2 LFG Generation Globally 30
2.5.3 LandGEM Software and LFG Model Parameters 31
Chapter 3 Research Methodology 35
3.1 LFG Model and MSW Generation Description 35
3.2 Landfill Gas Model Parameters 39
3.3 Landfill Gas Collection and Treatment System 43
3.4 Selection of Technology to Generate Electricity from LFG 44
3.4.1 Electricity Generating Potential 46
3.5 Techno-Economic Analysis 47
3.5.1 Capital and Operation and Maintenance Cost 48
3.6 Environmental Analysis 52
3.6.1 Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission 52
Chapter 4 Simulation and Result 54
4.1 LFG and MSW Generation 54
4.2 Electricity Generation 57
4.2.1 Electricity Coverage and Demand in Addis Ababa 59
4.3 Nationally Determined Contribution and Greenhouse Gas Reduction 60
4.4 Cost Estimation 62
4.4.1 Electricity Generation Cost Subsidy 65
Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendation 69
5.1 Result conclusion 69
5.2 Conclusion 70
5.3 Recommendation and Limitation of the Study 70
References 71
