ASSESSMENT OF CO2 SEQUESTRATION POTENTIAL OF AFFORESTATION PROJECTS UNDER THE FOREST INVESTMENT PROGRAM (FIP) IN GHANA
- 주제(키워드) Climate change , global warming , carbon , sequestration , emissions , afforestation , economic gains , carbon estimation model (CO2FIX)
- 발행기관 아주대학교
- 지도교수 Troy Felver
- 발행년도 2021
- 학위수여년월 2021. 2
- 학위명 석사
- 학과 국제대학원 융합에너지학과
- 실제URI http://www.dcollection.net/handler/ajou/000000030590
- 본문언어 영어
- 저작권 아주대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다.
초록/요약
Global efforts in reducing anthropogenic carbon emissions in the atmosphere, as a measure of curbing climate change and global warming, can be accomplished in two major ways; reducing emissions from burning fossil fuels, and sequestering CO2 released into the atmosphere. The former involves identifying cleaner sources of energy such as renewables, and improving efficiency of energy systems, the latter requires capturing emitted CO2, either by employing direct Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) systems, where CO2 from power plants are directly captured and geologically stored underground, or through indirect Carbon Capture and Storage by trees and plants. This research focus is on the indirect Carbon Capture and Storage by trees through afforestation, it shares an insight into the benefits of planting trees, which not only remediates the environment, but also could be key in earning foreign income, especially for developing countries. From the research, the sequestration potential of an afforestation project in Ghana (Forest Investment Program), funded by the Strategic Climate Fund (SCF) under provisions in the UNFCCC, was determined. It shows that, a volume of about 101,173.53 Mg C was sequestered for an area of 3,357.90 ha, in the first four (4) years after establishment, equivalent to 371,306.86 Mg CO2, and this accounts for about 1.85% of total CO2 emission in Ghana (20.1 million tonnes by 2018). The carbon credit value of the sequestered carbon is estimated at $1,990,083.34 USD, representing about 91.50% of total revenue ($2,174,920.37 USD) earned through Timber harvesting in the same region in 2018. The research process considered stem growth and biomass accumulation of 200 selected trees, of four species categories, and using allometric equations, determined the rate of stem growth which was then used as the main input data in a carbon simulation model (CO2FIX) to determine in a year-step, the sequestration potential of the various species and total sequestration potential. The implications of this research, considering just a fraction (stem growth) of total potential of trees planted for carbon sequestration, suggest that, with the appropriate policy driven tool and right silvicultural operations, Afforestation for carbon sequestration could yield great benefits in economic gains for developing countries whiles providing the environmental service of carbon sequestration.
more목차
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background 2
1.2 International and National Policies for Carbon Sequestration and Storage (CSS) 3
1.3 Problem Statement 4
1.4 Objective 4
1.4.1 Specific Objectives 4
1.5 Research Questions 5
1.6 Research hypothesis 5
1.7 Research Outline 5
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 Plants Carbon Sequestration - Definition and Description 6
2.2 UNFCCC & Kyoto Protocol (KP) 7
2.3 Afforestation and Reforestation Projects under the CDM 8
2.4 The Paris Agreement (COP21) – REDD+ 9
2.5 Ghana Forest Investment Program (GFIP) 11
2.6 Afforestation and Reforestation 12
2.7 Forest plantations development and Silviculture 12
2.7.1 Nursery practice 12
2.7.2 Plantations Establishment 14
2.8 Activities under Engaging Local Communities in REDD+ (ELCIR+) 16
2.9 Estimating carbon capture and storage through afforestation and reforestation 18
2.10 Carbon estimation of forest resources using CO2Fix (3.1) Model 18
2.10.1 Biomass module 20
2.11 Potential of Afforestation and Reforestation (A&R) for carbon sequestration 21
3.0 Methodology 27
3.1 Study Area 27
3.2 Land use afforestation under Engaging Local Communities in REDD+ (ELCIR+) 27
3.3 Data 28
3.4 Biomass determination and Carbon Estimation using Allometric equations 28
3.4.1 Biomass estimation using allometric equations, Method 1 28
3.4.2 Confirmation of results from Method 1 using Allometric regression equation-method 2 29
3.5 Tree Data collection 30
3.5.1 Diameter at breast height 30
3.5.2 Tree height 30
3.5.3 Volume (m3) and Current annual increment of stem volume (CAI) (m3/ha/yr) 31
3.6 CO2FIX2 V 3.1 Simulation model 31
4.0 Results and Discussion 32
4.1 Biomass storage results 32
4.2 Current Annual Increment (CAI) (m3/ha/yr.) 33
4.3 Implication of simulated carbon storage potential on total area planted under FIP II 35
4.4 Carbon dioxide (CO2) estimation 35
4.5 Impact on Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission 36
4.6 Carbon Credit Value for carbon sequestered under the program 36
4.7 Cost and Benefits of Land use 37
5.0 Conclusion and Recommendation 40
5.1 Limitations of the study 41
5.2 Recommendations 41
5.3 Conclusion 42
BIBLIOGRAPHY 43
Appendix 47
Annex A 54
Annex B 58
Annex C 59
Annex D 61
