특수교사의 직무스트레스와 심리적 소진의 관계에서 공감피로, 공감만족의 매개효과
Mediating Effect of Compassion Fatigue/Compassion Satisfaction in the Relationship between Job Stress and Burnout of Special Teachers
초록/요약
본 연구는 특수교사의 직무스트레스와 심리적 소진 사이에서 공감피로와 공감만족이 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 매개효과 검증 연구이다. 이를 통해 특수교사의 소진을 감소시키기 위한 기초 자료를 제공하는 데 본 연구의 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 경기도 소재 고등학교와 전공과에 근무하는 특수교사이며 측정도구는 직무스트레스, 공감피로, 공감만족 및 심리적 소진을 사용하였고 수집된 자료는 SPSS 23.0으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인구통계적 특성에 따른 변인 간 차이를 확인하였다. 직무스트레스의 경우 성별에 따라서는 여성이 남성보다 높았고, 연령에 따라서는 50대 이상에서, 근무 학교 형태에 따라서는 특수학교가 특수학급보다 높았다. 심리적 소진은 여성이 남성보다 높았고, 특수학교 교사가 특수학급보다 높아 직무스트레스와 유사한 결과를 나타냈다. 또 담임 유무에 따라서는 담임보다 비담임 교사의 소진이 높게 나타났다. 공감피로 척도의 경우도 여성이 높았고 담임보다 비담임이 높게 조사되었다. 반면 공감만족 척도는 특수학급 교사가 특수학교 교사보다 높은 공감만족 수치를 나타냈을 뿐 다른 특성들에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 변인 간 상관관계를 분석한 결과 특수교사의 직무스트레스와 심리적 소진, 공감피로는 모두 유의미한 정적(+) 상관관계를 나타낸 반면 공감만족은 다른 세 변인 모두와 유의미한 부적(-) 상관을 보였다. 셋째, 특수교사의 심리적 소진에 영향을 미치는 다른 세 변인들의 영향력을 검증한 결과 공감만족, 직무스트레스, 공감피로 순으로 미치는 영향력이 큰 것으로 나타냈다. 넷째, 특수교사의 직무스트레스와 심리적 소진의 관계에서 공감피로의 매개효과를 검증한 결과 부분매개효과가 검증되었다. 이는 공감피로를 낮추는 프로그램을 통해 심리적 소진에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 근거가 되어 공감피로 척도에 대한 연구 필요성을 뒷받침하였다. 다섯째, 특수교사의 직무스트레스와 심리적 소진의 관계에서 공감만족의 매개효과를 검증한 결과 부분매개효과가 검증되었다. 이로써 공감만족을 높이는 프로그램을 통해 심리적 소진에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 근거가 되어 공감만족 척도에 대한 연구 필요성을 지지하였다. 결론적으로 타인을 돕는 직업군의 전문가적 삶의 질과 관련하여 공감피로와 공감만족은 중요한 요인임을 확인할 수 있었다. 특히 직무스트레스와 심리적 소진의 관계에서 매개효과가 있음이 입증되었기 때문에, 공감피로를 낮추고 공감만족을 높이는 전략이 심리적 소진을 완화하는 데 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.
more목차
Ⅰ 서론 ······························································· 1
1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ·················································· 1
2. 연구 문제 ································································· 4
3. 연구 모형 ································································· 6
Ⅱ 이론적 배경 ····················································· 7
1. 직무스트레스 ····························································· 7
가. 정의 ···································································· 7
나. 선행 연구 ····························································· 8
2. 심리적 소진 ····························································· 10
가. 정의 ··································································· 10
나. 선행 연구 ···························································· 12
3. 공감피로 ································································· 14
가. 정의 ··································································· 14
나. 선행 연구 ···························································· 16
4. 공감만족 ································································· 18
가. 정의 ··································································· 18
나. 선행 연구 ···························································· 20
5. 직무스트레스, 심리적 소진, 공감피로, 공감만족의 관계 ··········· 21
Ⅲ 연구방법 ························································ 24
1. 연구대상 ································································· 24
2. 연구도구 ································································· 26
가. 직무스트레스 척도 ·················································· 26
나. 심리적 소진 척도 ··················································· 27
다. 공감피로, 공감만족 척도 ··········································· 28
3. 연구 절차 ································································ 29
가. 예비조사 ······························································ 29
나. 본조사 ································································ 30
4. 자료 분석 ································································ 31
Ⅳ 연구결과 ························································ 32
1. 기술통계 ································································· 32
2. 인구통계적 특성에 따른 변인 간 차이 비교 ························ 32
가. 인구통계적 특성에 따른 직무스트레스의 차이 ·················· 32
나. 인구통계적 특성에 따른 심리적 소진의 차이 ··················· 34
다. 인구통계적 특성에 따른 공감피로의 차이 ······················· 35
라. 인구통계적 특성에 따른 공감만족의 차이 ······················· 37
3. 직무스트레스, 심리적 소진, 공감피로, 공감만족의 상관관계 분석 ·· ·············································································· 38
4. 심리적 소진에 미치는 변인 간 영향력 검증 ························ 38
5. 직무스트레스와 심리적 소진의 관계에서 공감피로의 매개효과 검증 ·············································································· 39
6. 직무스트레스와 심리적 소진의 관계에서 공감만족의 매개효과 검증 ·············································································· 41
Ⅴ 요약 및 결론 ··················································· 43
1. 요약 및 논의 ···························································· 43
2. 의의 및 제언 ···························································· 48
참고문헌 ····························································· 51
부 록 ····························································· 58
