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The Role of Relative Performance on the Relationship Between CSR and Earnings Management

초록/요약

The relationship between CSR and earnings management has got vast attention among the researchers examining whether CSR signal an agency problem or ethical management. The extant literature provides mixed and inconsistent result supporting both agency problem or ethical management perspectives. Numerous scholarly works show that CSR may boost firm performance. However, it is not clear whether firms are strategically using CSR to improve their performance and also engaging in earnings management, and why only ethical managers show better CSR performance. Moreover, while organizations and professionals consider the type, size, timing, and purpose of earning management in deciding whether it is unethical practice, the existing literature focuses only on the size of earnings management. This study, borrowing a concept from a behavioral theory of the firm (BTOF), attempts to show a more refined model on the relationship between CSR and earnings management. Using data from a sample of S&P 1500 firms for the period covering 2010 through 2017, the current study documents pieces of evidence possessing significant contributions and implications for the BTOF, earnings management and CSR literature. First, motivated by the desire to improve subsequent performance and reclaim status quo, firms performing below aspiration level are more likely to show better CSR performance than firms performing above aspiration. Second, income-increasing earnings management is more likely to happen when the firm’s performance falls below its aspiration in the prior period and income-decreasing earnings management is related to better performance relative to aspiration. Third, despite the finding that firms performing below aspiration are more likely to show better CSR performance than above aspiration performers, subsequent tests do not provide evidence that CSR performance is related to agency problem or ethical management. However, the findings indicate that firms’ desire to engage in CSR may emanate from its contribution in building firms’ image and reputation, and subsequently improving performance and productivity rather than just hiding earnings management or serving the society. Key words: CSR, earnings management, relative performance, aspiration, agency problem, ethical management

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목차

1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Organization of the Dissertation 8
Chapter Two 9
Literature Review and Hypotheses 9
2.1 Prior Literature 9
2.1.1 Prior Research on CSR and Earnings Management 9
2.1.2 A Behavioral Theory of the Firm (BTOF) 12
2.1.3 Prior Empirical Evidence on Relative Performance 13
2.2 Hypotheses Development 15
2.2.1 Relative Performance and CSR 15
2.2.2 Relative Performance and Earnings Management 16
2.2.3 CSR and Earnings Management: The Role of Relative Performance 18
2.3 Confounding Factors 20
2.3.1 Slack 20
2.3.2 Financial Distress and Cash Flow 21
2.3.3 Innate Determinants of Earnings Attributes 22
2.3.4 Corporate Governance, External Monitoring, and Other Factors 22
2.4 Summary and Literature Gap 23
Chapter Three 27
Research Design 27
3.1 Data Source and Sample 27
3.2 Empirical Models 28
3.3 Variables Measurement 31
3.3.1 Earnings Management 31
3.3.2 Relative Performance 31
3.3.3 CSR Performance 32
3.3.4 Control Variables 33

Chapter Four 35
Results and Discussion 35
4.1 Descriptive Statistics 35
4.2 Correlation Analysis 38
4.3 Multivariate Tests 41
4.3.1 Results for H1: Relative performance and CSR 41
4.3.2 Results for H2 and H3: Relative performance and Earnings Management 43
4.3.3 Results for H4: CSR and Earnings Management 45
4.3.4 Results for H5: Relative Performance, CSR and Earnings Management 46
4.4 Discussion 52
Chapter Five 54
Conclusion 54
5.1 Summary and Conclusion 54
5.2 Limitations and Recommendations 59

References 60

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