The Transition from Heavy Fuel Oil to Syngas in Power Generation / The Case of South Baghdad Site in Iraq
초록/요약
Background: The statistics indicate high global energy consumption, the world oil outlook report issued in 2017 by OPEC anticipate an increase in oil demand over next 20 years despite improvements in the efficiency-enhancing field and the significant growth of renewable energy. As a result, the environmental impact will be severe. This idea supported with the IEA annual CO2 emissions report, which shows that stabilized status of emissions since 2014 has been broken in 2017. With the context, Iraq has faced enormous challenges within sanctions and local crises which destroyed the energy infrastructure leading to a sharp shortage of electricity. Problem: Iraqi refineries suffer from aging and accumulation of by-products, such as HFO which is burned at the power plants causing severe environmental and economic damage according to international and governmental reports. The thesis discussed the HFO properties based on the integrated analysis among the technical, environmental, economic and political aspects to develop south Baghdad site as a case study. Methodology: The current situation of Dura refinery and South Baghdad SPP have been analyzed regarding environmental impact and Productivity assessment through several published studies. The study work on the possibility of converting HFO into valuable fuel for gas turbine through the gasification theory to obtain a Syngas instead of the direct burning. Because of the difficulties in getting adequate studies and data for HFO and liquids feedstock gasification, the study applied the AHP modeling by using Expert Choice software to simulate the proposed case and to reach the optimal decision by comparing with analytical results depending on the specialized experts survey in this field. The results show that Supplying the syngas to the proposed South Baghdad IGCC will Prevent emitting VOCs, decrease SOx, NOx, and H2S emissions significantly, and decrease the water contamination. Also, Improve the efficiency of the GTs by stabilizing the maintenance period and increasing electricity production. The study recommends ensuring the energy security by investing in the integration between the traditional refineries and GTPPs; this operation is more feasible than deplete the national wealth by importing NG. Also Intensifying R&D on HFO converting to spread the project in other locations which suffer from the same problem.
more목차
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Selected global energy sectors 1
1.2 Energy Sector in Iraq 2
1.3 Background of the Research 3
1.4 Problem Statement and Research Question 4
1.5. Research Objective. 4
1.6 Research Methodology 5
1.7 Theoretical and Empirical Approach 5
1.8 Limitations of the Thesis 6
Chapter 2 Literature review 7
2.1 IEA reports 7
2.2 OPEC and OAPEC reports 7
2.3 CONKAWE reports 8
2.4 Dr. Jeffrey Philip report of coal gasification 8
2.5 Gasification of heavy fuel oils: A thermochemical equilibrium approach 8
2.6 Coal Gasification Guidebook: Status, Applications, and Technologies 8
2.7 Effects of Air Pollutants from Al-Dura Power plant in the Surrounding Area South Baghdad 8
2.8 Assessment of water quality in Tigris River-Iraq by using GIS mapping 9
2.9 Thomas L. Saaty 9
Chapter 3 The heavy petroleum feedstock 10
3.1 Heavy Crude Oil 11
3.2 Heavy Fuel Oil: 12
3.2.1 Description 13
3.2.2 Typical Properties: 13
3.2.3 Toxicity 14
3.2.4 Health Aspects 14
3.2.5 Physical /Chemical Characteristics 14
3.2.6 Disposal 14
Chapter 4 Gasification 15
4.1 Comparison with combustion 17
4.2 HFO Conversion 18
4.3 Mathematical modeling 18
4.4 Oxygen enrichment 19
4.5 Gasification pressure 19
4.6 Types of Gasifiers 20
Chapter 5 South Baghdad Site 23
5.1 Current situation analysis 23
5.1.1 Efficiency and feasibility evaluation 23
5.1.2 The evaluation results 30
5.1.3 The environmental impact (evaluation and results) 31
5.2 Analysis of the South Baghdad 1 GTPP (proposed situation) 32
5.2.1 Efficiency and feasibility evaluation 32
5.2.2 Environmental impact evaluation 35
5.2.3 The evaluation results 36
5.3 Comparison results 37
5.4 Project Stages: 42
Chapter 6 Analytic Hierarchy Process Modeling 45
6.1 Decision Making 45
6.2 Multiple-criteria decision analysis MCDM 45
6.3 The AHP procedures 45
6.3.1 Hierarchical structuring 46
6.3.2 Priority analysis 46
6.3.3 Implementation of AHP Model 46
6.3.4 The survey procedures 48
6.4 The results and discussion 49
CHAPTER 7 Conclusion 52
7.1 Conclusion 52
7.2 Recommendations 53
References 55
