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THE CHALLENGES OF OFFICIAL DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE (ODA) IN AFRICA : THE CASE OF CAMEROON

초록/요약

Foreign donors and governments that give assistance to the Cameroon government (through loans, humanitarian assistance, food aid, technical expertise and even military equipment) in order to encourage investment, thus boost standard of living, seems to pay no attention on the corruption perception index, the autocratic regime which does not serve the interest of the people. Ironically, with the abundance foreign aid given to Cameroon, the economy and standards of living of the donor countries keep on increasing as the Cameroon coffers wallow in debt accumulated from the above mentioned loans leaving majority of the population under the poverty line. This research is to promote equitable development by negotiating trade and investment deals that allow Cameroon in particular and African countries in general to nurture domestic industries, help tackle climate change, and promote social welfare and decent work. In addition, to advice the foreign donors on the need to have an accountability mechanisms and principles in order to provide screening measures which ensure that corrupt country(ies) above is/are given threshold of corruption perception index are not given foreign aid. Foreign donors to investigate and ensure the purpose to which aids are intended for are properly and adequately utilized. More over to ensure that Cameroon has a corresponding increase in its GDP per capita, low corruption perception index, high living standards et cetera. Finally, making sure aid is spent on building public services for everybody and cut the ‘dependent syndrome’ on foreign aid. The objectives of this project are; identify the net foreign aid given to Cameroon within an appreciable time frame. Identify some major ODA donors to Cameroon in particular and Africa in general then assess the resulting impacts to their economy as more aids are granted. Assess Cameroon’s corruption perception index and accumulated debt within a given time frame. Evaluate and explain the gap between expectation and reality. The above objectives were assessed and showed that, Cameroon being a highly corrupt country is dependent on foreign aid. In additional, external forces through international institutions and foreign aid donors ‘fuel’ corruption in Cameroon by pumping more aids to the nation with a complete disregard as long as it does not affect their interest, and ‘manipulate’ the international system to their advantage to ensure that the nation remain corrupt and more dependent on foreign aid. Therefore there is a need to consider a gradual or long term measure to stop the ‘addiction’ o aid so as to foster a self-development and corrupt free society.

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목차

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION………………………………………………….…..……………....1
1.1. Reasons for Problem...……...………………………………….….…….………….……..1
1.2. Rationale of the Project……………………………………….…..……………….….......2
1.3. Aims and Objectives…….…………………………………………………………………2
1.3.1 Main Objective.....………...………………………………………………….…..…….2
1.3.2 Specific Objectives..……………………………………………………………..…......2
1.4. Research Questions……….…………………………………………..…………………….3
1.4.1 Major Questions…………………………………………………………………………3
1.4.2 Minor Question………………………………………………………………………….3
1.5. Research Hypothesis……………………………………………………………………. …3
CHAPTER 2: DECOLONIZATION OF AFRICA (1945-1960) AND THE POST
WWII DEVELOPMENT LITERATURE…………...........................................................................4
2.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..4
2.2 Classical Economic Theory…………..……………………..……………………….…...…..5
2.3 Rostow Development Model………………………………..………………………….…….6
2.4 Dependency Theory of Development…………………………………………………..........9
2.4.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………........9
CHAPTER 3: POVERTY, COLONIZATION, DEMOCRACY,
CORRUPTION AND MISMANAGEMENT....................................................................................12
3.1 General Introduction on Cameroon……………………………..……………………………12
3.2 Poverty……………………………………………….....…………….…..………..………....12
3.3 Corruption, Bribery and Mismanagement………………………………………..……...…..13
3.3.1 Customs Administration…..…………………….....……………….……………….......13
3.3.2 Judicial System………….......………………..…….………………………..…….….....14
3.3.3 Public Service………………………….…..……………..………………..……………..14
3.3.4 Civil Society…………………………….…………..………………………..…………..14
3.4 Colonization and Creation of Cameroon……………………………..…………..………….15
3.5 Democracy in Cameroon………………………………….………………….……………....17
3.5.1 Freedom and Personal Integrity…………………………………….……………….…...18
CHAPTER 4: ASSESSMENT OF THE CHALLENGES IN ODA WHICH HINDERS
DEVELOPMENT, RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS………………………………………….………...22
4.1 Definition of ODA………………………………………..……………………………..…….22
4.2 Methods………………………………………………….…………………………………….22
4.2.1 Identifying the net ODA given to Cameroon within
Appreciable time frame…………………………………..……………………………….22
4.2.2 Evaluate Cameroon’s Stock Public Debt……………………………………..…………..24
4.2.3 Assessing Cameroon Corruption Perception Index…………………………..…….…….25
4.2.4 Assessing Hegemony, inflow and outflow of resources Between Developing
And Developed Countries……………..……………………………………...………….27
4.3 Discussion………………………………………………………………………..……………31
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………………….......33
5.1 Conclusion.……………………………………………………….…………………..............33
RECOMENDATIONS…………………………….………………………………………………….......36
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………………………37

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