Cross-layer Approach for Bio-Inspired Routing and MAC Protocols in Mobile Adhoc Networks
Cross-layer Approach for Bio-Inspired Routing and MAC Protocols in Mobile Adhoc Networks
- 주제(키워드) Bio-inspired networking , Performance Comparison , DESYNC-TDMA , AntHocNet , Cross-layer approach , Path Bandwidth
- 발행기관 아주대학교
- 지도교수 노병희
- 발행년도 2017
- 학위수여년월 2017. 2
- 학위명 박사
- 학과 및 전공 일반대학원 컴퓨터공학과
- 실제URI http://www.dcollection.net/handler/ajou/000000024862
- 본문언어 영어
- 저작권 아주대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다.
초록/요약
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) is a key technology of wireless communication among mobile nodes in infrastructure-less environment. Distributed nodes with adaptability on the mobile environment dynamically consist of a network and communicate each other by ad hoc manner. The bio-inspired networking has been studied recently by the conceptual and structural similarities between synecology and network systems. In this dissertation, we compare the performance of combinations between two routing protocols and two MAC protocols. Prior to the performance evaluation, we solve a critical problem on the DESYNC-TDMA protocol. The DESYNC-TDMA has an advantage of simple distributed slot allocation inspired by the nature, but there is a critical disadvantage of split slots by firing message. The basic split slot model has less efficiency for continuous packet transmitting because of wasting of the slots less than the packet size. In this dissertation, we propose a firing offset adjustment scheme to improve the efficiency of slot utilizations, which can manage the slot assigned to each node as a single large block, called the single slot model. The performance analysis models for both the existing and the proposed schemes are also derived. Experimental results show that the proposed method provide better efficiency of slot utilization than the existing schemes without any loss of the nature of the desynchronization. Then we compare the performance of the bio-inspired protocols and the existing MANET protocols. We conducted various aspect of the packet delivery such as the packet delivery ratio and average end to end delay, and normalized routing overhead are the major performance metrics and the slot utilization, traffic composition, routing controls delivery ratio, etc. were given to support the results to describe the reasons why such that performance results are obtained. The scenario of AntHocNet over modified DESYNC-TDMA shows better performance and more stable aspects at the heavier traffic load. For the voice traffic, the combination of AntHocNet and modified Ext-DESYNC shows much stable performance in point of view of PDR, delay, and jitter. We suggest the criteria of the achievable performance of each protocol combination and we expect that the results gives more insight to the researchers to design the protocols and improve the performance in MANET environment. Lastly, we proposed a cross layered scheme to improve the performance of the AntHocNet routing protocol. We designed a path bandwidth of MAC layer and the AntHocNet utilizes the path bandwidth to support the route selection to avoid the bottleneck region. The algorithm was successfully defined and it showed better performance than the original AntHocNet over the modified Ext-DESYNC scenario, which showed better performance in the evaluation. Our proposed scheme improves 3-5% of PDR than basic AntHocNet over DESYNC-TDMA, and it is caused by detouring the bottleneck region effectively.
more목차
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Motivation and Objectives 1
1.2. Research Contributions 5
1.3. Outline of Dissertation 6
CHAPTER 2. BIO-INSPIRED NETWORKING 7
2.1. Overview 7
2.1.1. Challenges in networking and the necessity of the bio-inspired algorithm 7
2.2. Bio-inspired MAC Protocol: DESYNC-TDMA 10
2.2.1. Desynchronization Process 11
2.2.2. TDMA Slot Assignment Process 13
2.2.3. Extended DESYNC: the Multihop Extension 15
2.3. Bio-inspired Routing Protocol: AntHocNet 20
2.3.1. Pheromone, its Diffusion, and Cost Measurement 21
2.3.2. Reactive Route Discovery and Proactive Route Sampling 23
2.3.3. Probabilistic Packet Forwarding 25
2.3.4. Route Maintenance 26
CHAPTER 3. FIRING OFFSET ADJUSTMENT OF BIO-INSPIRED DESYNC-TDMA TO IMPROVE SLOT UTILIZATION PERFORMANCES 27
3.1. Problem Definition: The Slot Waste Problem 27
3.2. Firing Offset Adjustment of DESYNC-TDMA 30
3.2.1. Overview 30
3.2.2. Firing Offset Adjustment Scheme 32
3.2.3. Protocol Operation 35
3.2.4. Numerical Analysis 37
3.3. Performance Evaluation 43
3.4. Summary 52
CHAPTER 4. PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS ON COMBINED WITH BIO-INSPIRED ROUTING AND MAC PROTOCOLS 53
4.1. Related Works 53
4.2. Design and Implementation of Simulator for Combined Bio-inspired MAC and Routing Protocols 54
4.2.1. Modification of DESYNC-TDMA Model 55
4.2.2. Existing Protocols: CSMA/CA and AODV 59
4.2.3. Simulator Implementation 60
4.2.4. Simulation Parameters 64
4.3. Performance Evaluations 67
4.3.1. Performance Metrics 67
4.3.2. Performance Evaluation of Packet Delivery Ratio 68
4.3.3. Performance Evaluation of Average End-to-End Delay 87
4.3.4. Performance Evaluation of Normalized Routing Overhead 95
4.3.5. Performance Evaluation of Voice Traffic 102
4.4. Discussions 110
4.5. Summary 117
CHAPTER 5. EFFECTIVE ROUTE SELECTION WITH CROSS LAYERED BIO-INSPIRED ROUTING AND MAC PROTOCOL IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS 118
5.1. Problem Definition: the Bottleneck Region 118
5.2. Related Works 121
5.3. Effective Route Selection with Cross Layered Bio-inspired Routing and MAC Protocol in Mobile Ad hoc Networks 122
5.3.1. Cross Layer Architecture 122
5.3.2. Carrying Available Path Bandwidth 125
5.3.3. Measuring the Local Available Bandwidth in DESYNC-TDMA 127
5.3.4. Path Selection using Available Path Bandwidth 128
5.4. Performance Evaluation 130
5.5. Summary 135
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION 136
REFERENCES 140
