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CHINA’S AID TO CAMBODIA : HOW DOES THE CHINA’S AID AFFECT SOCIAL CONFLICT IN CAMBODIA?

초록/요약

More than two decades after obtaining the Paris Peace Agreement in 1991, Cambodia has enjoyed steady growth and invited numerous presence of development partners and NGOs to help reduce the poverty burden and thus assist a democratic development in Cambodia. A developing, recipient country, Cambodia has experienced receiving development assistance from both traditional or OECD/DAC countries and non-traditional donors including China, which has been a reiterated debate topic over decades of foreign aid in Cambodia. Particularly the rise of China and its arising presence in Cambodia to a certain degree produce a lot of controversial debates among conventional development practitioners and commentators, warning China’s increasing involvement may hinder Cambodia’s democratic development agenda wherein the traditional donors have been investing through their ODA programs for decades. Focusing merely on social conflict framework, this paper intends to examine the relationship between social conflict and China’s aid in Cambodia with regard to the government capacity question. It deploys social conflict definitions from prominent sociologists and quantifies social conflict in Cambodia through a number of protests or demonstrations on streets. From such methodological approach, this paper specifically draws the sensitive land grabbing case in Cambodia as the most appropriate mean to scrutinize the nexus between OECD/DAC’s and China’s assistance and their engagements in relation to social conflict. Employing in-depth, comprehensively comparative analysis on the land grabbing involving both OECD/DAC donor countries and China, this paper finds no convincing result that aid from traditional donors is relevant to social conflict but is convinced that China’s aid to Cambodia is most likely plausible. As a result, this paper presents an argument that goes against the prevailing orthodox backdrop on China’s engagement in Cambodia. This paper convincingly argues that: “China’s aid reduces rather than increases social conflict due to its positive and direct impact on the Cambodian government capabilities.”

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목차

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1. Rationale of the Research 1
1.2. Definitions of Terms 1
1.3. Background and Significance of the Research 2
1.4. Research Question 4
1.5. Research Hypothesis 4
1.6. Literature Review on General Assumptions on Chinas Aid and Central Critiques Involving China in Cambodia 5
1.6.1. General Assumptions on Chinas Aid 5
1.6.2. Central Critiques Involving China in Cambodia 6
1.7. Research Methodology, Data Collection & Analysis and Limitation 13
1.7.1. Research Methodology 13
1.7.2. Data Collection & Analysis 14
1.7.3. Limitation 15
1.8. Structure of the Thesis 15
CHAPTER II: DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE/ FOREIGN AID IN CAMBODIA 17
2.1. Distinguishing OECD/DACs and Chinas Aid in Cambodia: Summary 17
2.2. OECD/DAC or Traditional Aid 18
2.3. Chinas Foreign Aid 19
2.4. OECD/DACs Aid and Chinas Aid to Cambodia 20
2.4.1. OECD/DACs Aid 20
2.4.2. Chinas Aid 24
2.4.3. Compare and Contrast Aid Characteristics: Sector-Based Analysis 27
2.4.3.1. Health & HIV/AIDS and Education 27
2.4.3.2. Governance & Administration 31
2.4.3.3. Infrastructure 34
2.4.3.4. Humanitarian Assistance 37
2.4.3.5. Multilateral/ International Organizations Assistance 38
2.5. Signposting Relevance to Social Conflict in Cambodia 39
CHAPTER III: LAND GRABBING AND SOCIAL CONFLICT IN CAMBODIA 41
3.1. Conceptual Discussion 42
3.1.1. Defining Social Conflict 42
3.1.2. Quantifying Social Conflict 44
3.2. Overview of Conflict and Social Conflict in Cambodia 45
3.2.1. Cambodias Conflict 45
3.2.2. Overview of Social Conflict in Cambodia 46
3.2.2.1. Social Conflict Incurred from Political Crisis 47
3.2.2.2. Social Conflict Incurred from Social Injustice & Problems 49
A. Social Conflict in Garment Sector: An Overview 49
B. Social Conflict in Land Dispute: An Overview 50
3.3. Agriculture and Land Grabbing: Cambodias Case Study 52
3.3.1. Agriculture 52
3.3.2. Land Grabbing in Cambodia 54
3.3.2.1. What is Land Grabbing 54
3.3.2.2. Why Land Grabbing 55
3.3.2.3. And Who Involves 57
CHAPTER IV: RETHINKING CHINA AND SOCIAL CONFLICT IN CAMBODIA 60
4.1. Comparative Study on China and OECD in Relations to Land Grabbing in Cambodia 60
4.1.1. Chinas Aid to Agriculture and Involvement in Land Grabbing and Social Conflict 60
4.1.1.1. Chinas Aid to Agriculture 60
4.1.1.2. Chinas Involvement in Land Grabbing and Social Conflict 61
Relevant to Social Conflict 65
4.1.2. OECDs Aid to Agriculture and Involvement in Land Grabbing and Social Conflict 67
4.1.2.1. OECDs Aid to Agriculture 67
4.1.2.2. OECDs Involvement in Land Grabbing and Social Conflict 68
The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises 68
The UN Global Compact (GC) 69
Relevant to Social Conflict 76
Applying the OECD Guidelines 77
Applying the UN Global Compact (GC) 77
OECD Donors Response to Land Grabbing 78
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION 81
BIBLIOGRAPHIES 83
APPENDIX 91

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