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생체역학 모델에 의한 손 자세 및 물체 특성의 인간공학적 평가

Ergonomic Assessment of Hand Posture and Object Property by Biomechanical Model

초록/요약

The overall goal of this study was to systematically estimate the physical load according to common object properties and hand postures while objects were held. The physical load was evaluated by kinematic, kinetic, biomechanical, and physiological (EMG) methods. The specific aims of the study were 1) to investigate the hand postures commonly used in manufacturing companies, according to the use of either the right or left hand and the object properties; 2) to investigate common patterns of voluntary hand posture according to object shapes, sizes, and directions; 3) to compare and quantify the kinematic model and marker attachment method for hand posture analysis; 4) to develop a biomechanical model of the human hand in order to understand the force and moment of the finger joints associated with common hand postures and object properties; 5) to measure the physical load according to the hand posture and object properties using kinematic, kinetic, biomechanical, and physiological (electromyography) methods; 6) to verify the degree of physical load according to the hand posture and object properties. The behavioral study found that the most commonly used hand postures were 5P (TIMRL), 5G (TIMRL), 3P (TIM), 4P (TIMR), and 2P (TI), and the choice of hand posture was affected by the object’s properties, including its shape, size, and orientation. Regarding the physical load, the hand posture greatly influenced all the variables of kinematic, biomechanical, and muscle activation. The object weight also greatly influenced the variables of kinetic and muscle activation, but did not greatly affect the kinematic variable. The object size influenced the kinematic variable and some biomechanics variables. The object shape had little influence on the kinematic, biomechanical, and muscle activation variables.

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목차

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii
LIST OF FIRURES xiii
LIST OF TABLES xiv
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Problem statement 1
1.2 Study objectives 5
1.3 Dissertation organization 6
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEWS 7
2.1. Hand posture taxonomy 7
2.2. Hand posture analysis by kinematics 10
2.3. Hand posture analysis by kinetics 13
2.4. Hand posture analysis by sEMG 15
Chapter 3 INVESTIGATION OF HAND POSTURE IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY 18
3.1. Introduction 18
3.2. Methods 22
3.2.1 Manufacturing tasks 22
3.2.2 Variable definitions 24
3.2.3 Analyses 27
3.3. Results 28
3.3.1 Overall hand postures 28
3.3.2 Object properties 30
3.3.3 Hand posture by object shapes 32
3.3.4 Hand postures by object locations 34
3.3.5 Hand postures by object directions 36
3.4. Discussion 38
3.5. Conclusion 41
Chapter 4 COMMON PATTERNS OF VOLUNTARY HAND POSTURES BY OBJECT PROPERTY 42
4.1. Introduction 42
4.2. Methods 46
4.2.1 Hand postures 46
4.2.2 Participants 47
4.2.3 Apparatus 47
4.2.4 Procedure 49
4.2.5 Experimental design and Analyses 50
4.3. Results 52
4.3.1 Overall hand postures 52
4.3.2 Hand postures by object properties 54
4.3.3 Hand postures by object shapes and sizes 57
4.4. Discussion 60
4.5. Conclusion 65
Chapter 5 KINEMATIC MODEL AND MARKER ATTACHEMENT METHOD FOR HAND POSTURE ANALYSIS 66
5.1. Introduction 66
5.2. Methods 70
5.2.1 Participants 70
5.2.2 Apparatus 70
5.2.3 Coordinate system and models 71
5.2.4 Procedure 73
5.2.5 Data analysis and experimental design 76
5.3. Results 80
5.3.1 Static evaluation 80
5.3.2 Dynamic evaluation 82
5.4. Discussion 86
5.5. Conclusion 89
Chapter 6 BIOMECHANICAL HAND MODEL 90
6.1. Kinematics of the hand 90
6.1.1 Kinematics skeleton 90
6.1.2 Coordinates system 90
6.1.3 Markers 91
6.1.4 Angular kinematics 92
6.2. Biomechanical model 94
6.2.1 Segment masses 94
6.2.2 Center of masses (COM) of segments 95
6.2.3 Moments of inertia and radius of gyration 96
6.2.4 Joint reaction forces and moments 98
Chapter 7 METHODS 101
7.1. Participant 101
7.2. Apparatus 106
7.3. Procedure 109
7.4. Data analysis and signal precessing 114
7.5. Experiment desing 116
7.6. Statistical analysis 118
Chapter 8 RESUTLS 119
8.1. Anthropemetry data 119
8.1.1 Segment masses 119
8.1.2 Center of masses (COM) of segment 123
8.1.3 Moments of inertia and radii of gyration 126
8.2. Kinematic 130
8.2.1 Joint angle 130
8.2.1.1 Thumb 130
8.2.1.2 Index finger 134
8.2.1.3 Middle finger 141
8.2.1.4 Ring finger 144
8.2.1.5 Little finger 149
8.3. Biomechanics 152
8.3.1 External force (Pinch and Grasp force) 152
8.3.1.1 Thumb 152
8.3.1.2 Index finger 157
8.3.1.3 Middle finger 162
8.3.1.4 Ring finger 167
8.3.1.5 Little finger 170
8.3.1.6 Total external force 175
8.3.2 Joint force 177
8.3.2.1 Thumb 177
8.3.2.2 Index finger 179
8.3.2.3 Middle finger 181
8.3.2.4 Ring finger 183
8.3.2.5 Little finger 185
8.3.3 Joint moment 187
8.3.3.1 Thumb 187
8.3.3.2 Index finger 189
8.3.3.3 Middle finger 191
8.3.3.4 Ring finger 193
8.3.3.5 Little finger 195
8.4. EMG 197
8.4.1 Muscle activity of individual muscle 197
8.4.2 Total Muscle activity 205
Chapter 9 DISCUSSION 210
9.1. Joint angle 210
9.2. External force (Pinch force and Grasp force) 214
9.3. Joint force and moment 217
9.4. EMG 220
Chapter 10 CONCLUSION 223
REFERENCE 225

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