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Role of corporate governance on the performance of microfinance institutions(MFIs): : A case study on selected MFIs of Bangladesh

초록/요약

This research explores and explains the relationship between corporate governance and performance of Microfinance Institutes (MFIs) in Bangladesh utilizing an in-depth qualitative case study. Rapid growth in the microfinance industry and MFIs’ transformation into regulated entities capturing savings and deposits demands clear articulation of effective corporate governance. Notwithstanding its significance, there is a paucity of scholarly work on this issue, the existing ones not being able to take MFIs specific issues into account and dig deeper into the issue to facilitate the understanding of the intricacy of the mechanism. Thus, till there exists vacuum in the area of in-depth analysis of MFIs governance mechanism and performance. This is essential because unlike general financial institutions created with a single objective of making profits, MFIs often have diversified functions, microcredit operations being one of those functions. Moreover, the source of financing also influences the governance mechanism of MFI. Taking all these issues together, this research focuses on more nuanced in-depth analysis of selected number of MFIs. This thesis takes four of the leading microfinance institutions of Bangladesh and their respective governance mechanism along with their performances as the unit of analysis. The country still leads the global microfinance industry both in terms of its sheer size and productivity. This research found evidences that, although the MFIs industry in Bangladesh has commendable success, and the selected MFIs are indeed performing very well so far the MFIs dual mission are concerned, still there is ample scope for improving the corporate governance practices, and institutionalizing those norms owing to the fact that most of the MFIs have increased focus on sustainability. It was also evident that, even for very large and seemingly well established MFI like Grameen Bank, governance crisis may pose significant threat. The regulatory authority does not have enough teeth to have efficient mechanism for supervision. The MFIs suffer from “founder syndrome” which should be neutralized by adopting appropriate succession plan. As many NGO-MFIs are undergoing transition, while large MFIs are venturing increasingly on profitable projects, the financial restructuring should be done very carefully, so that the double bottom line can be maintained.

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목차

Abstract i
Acknowledgement ii
List of Figures v
List of Tables vi
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background of the Research 1
1.2 Objectives and Scope of Research 6
1.3 Research Questions 7
1.4 Significance of the Research 7
1.5 Chapter Outlines 8
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 9
2.1 Corporate Governance: What is Corporate Governance? 9
2.2 Framework of Corporate Governance: 10
2.3 Control and Ownership 11
2.3.1 Control mechanism 11
2.3.2 Ownership mechanism 13
2.4 Different Models of Ownership 14
2.5 Microfinance Institutions: What for? 15
2.6 Why Microfinance? 16
2.7 Corporate Governance in Microfinance Institutions 17
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY 21
3.1 Selection of the Units of Analysis 22
3.2 Document Analysis 23
3.3 Interview 23
3.4 Analytical Framework 24
CHAPTER FOUR: MFIs IN BANGLADESH: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES AND RECENT TRENDS 25
4.1 Formal Financial Sector and the Evolution of MFIs in Bangladesh 25
4.2 Background of MFIs in Bangladesh 26
4.3 Microfinance in Bangladesh 27
4.4 Microfinance Regulations in Bangladesh 29
4.5 The Issue of Corporate Governance Practices 31
4.5.1 The “Golden triangle” of ideal MFIs 32
4.5.2 The formal financial sector 33
4.5.3 Cooperatives and voluntary organizations 33
4.5.4 Grameen Bank 34
4.5.5 NGO-MFIs 34
4.6 Major Challenges for the MFIs in Bangladesh 35
CHAPTER FIVE: CASE STUDIES: CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PRACTICES 36
5.1 Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC): General Information 36
5.1.2 Governance mechanism in BRAC 37
5.2 Association for Social Advancement (ASA) 38
5.2.1 Governance practices in ASA 39
5.2.2 Performance of ASA 39
5.3 BURO Bangladesh: 41
5.3.1 Governance in BURO Bangladesh 41
5.3.2 Performance of BURO Bangladesh 42
5.4 Grameen Bank 43
5.5 Interview with Different Stakeholders of Three Large NGO-MFIs of Bangladesh 45
5.5.1 Questionnaire, respondents, and interview overview 45
5.5.2 Key findings overview 45
CHAPTER SIX: DATA ANALYSIS 52
6.1 Corporate Governance for MFIs in Bangladesh: Internal Control 52
6.1.1 Governing Body: size and composition 52
6.1.2 Governing Body: meetings, decision making and conflict of interest 56
6.2 Performance of the MFIs 57
6.3 Challenges for the Governance Mechanism for MFIs 61
CHAPTER SEVEN: CONCLUSIONS 62
7.1 Summary of the Research 62
7.2 Recommendations 68
7.3 Limitations of the Study and Suggestions for Future Study 68
7.4 Conclusion 69
References 70
Annex 1: Interview questionnaire 73
Annex 2: Important provision s MRA Act, 2006 84

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