Environmental Degradation and Declining Socioeconomic Status:
- 발행기관 Ajou University Graduate School of International Studies
- 발행년도 2012
- 학위수여년월 2012. 8
- 학위명 석사
- 학과 및 전공 국제대학원 NGO학과
- 실제URI http://www.dcollection.net/handler/ajou/000000012999
- 본문언어 영어
- 저작권 아주대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다.
초록/요약
This work centers on the socioeconomic status of rural women in Cameroon. It tries to establish a link between rural women and land resources in Cameroon. It examines the extent to which land degradation is affecting the wellbeing of rural women given that most rural women in Cameroon depend on land for survival. Land degradation in Cameroon affects everybody but the rural women suffer more. This is because they are mainly farmers and their major source of employment is agriculture. Policy in Cameroon has not paid particular attention on land degradation problem and this is affecting women living in rural areas. The socioeconomic status of rural women in Cameroon has not been part of policy. This work tries to prove that the socioeconomic status of rural women is declining because the land is deteriorating. The causes and the effects of land degradation are analyzed, showing how rural women suffer. Some authors mention that the situation of rural women is due to the fact that they lack adequate education and critical resources but this is not the only reason. The government has not redressed concerns of land degradation appropriately. Many Non Governmental Organizations have made efforts to address the land degradation question but it is not effective because they lack enough resources. Efforts made by the government have not been sustainable because of corruption and administrative bottleneck. This study recommends that policy be put in place by the government in order to adequately address the land degradation question which puts rural women at a declining socioeconomic situation.
more목차
Dedication …………………………………………………………………………………………i
Acknowledgement ………………………………………………………………………………..ii
Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………..iii
List of Tables ……………………………………………………………………………………vii
List of Figures …………………………………………………………………………………...vii
Acronyms ……………………………………………………………………………………….viii
CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………...1
1.2 Purpose and Necessity ………………………………………………………………………..2
1.3 Problem Statement ……………………………………………………………………………4
1.4 Research Questions …………………………………………………………………………...4
1.5 Hypothesis …………………………………………………………………………………….5
1.6 Methodology ………………………………………………………………………………….5
1.7 Motivation of Study …………………………………………………………………………..5
1.8 Limitation of Study …………………………………………………………………………...6
1.9 Chapter Outline ……………………………………………………………………………….7
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE
2.1 Literature Review …………………………………………………………………………….9
2.1.1 Rural Women in Cameroon ………………………………………………………………...9
2.1.2 Socioeconomic Status of Women in Cameroon …………………………………………..11
2.1.3 Society and the natural Environment ……………………………………………………...14
2.1.4 Food Production and Natural Resource Depletion ………………………………………..16
2.2 Theoretical Perspective ……………………………………………………………………..18
CHAPTER THREE: CAUSES OF LAND DEGRADATION IN CAMEROON AND ITS EFFECTS ON RURAL WOMEN
3.1 Background on Land Degradation …………………………………………………………..21
3.2 Causes of Land Degradation ………………………………………………………………...21
3.2.1 Soil Erosion ………………………………………………………………………………..22
3.2.2 Poverty …………………………………………………………………………………….23
3.2.3 Population Pressure ……………………………………………………………………….24
3.2.4 Unemployment ……………………………………………………………………………26
3.2.5 Poor Farming Methods ……………………………………………………………………28
3.2.6 Land Ownership …………………………………………………………………………...29
3.3 Effects of Land Degradation on Rural Women ……………………………………………..30
3.3.1 Income …………………………………………………………………………………….30
3.3.2 Sustenance …………………………………………………………………………………31
3.3.3 Conflict ……………………………………………………………………………………32
3.3.4 Health ……………………………………………………………………………………...33
3.3.5 Migration …………………………………………………………………………………..34
3.4 Employment in Cameroon …………………………………………………………………..35
CHAPTER FOUR: ATTEMPTS AT SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF LAND DEGRADATION
4.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………….38
4.1.1 The Government …………………………………………………………………………..38
4.1.2 Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) ……………………………………………….39
4.1.3 The Rural people …………………………………………………………………………..42
4.2 Why Various Attempts did not Last ………………………………………………………...45
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND POLICY RECOMMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………..48
5.2 Policy Recommendation …………………………………………………………………….50
a) Land Rights …………………………………………………………………………………...51
b) Education and capacity Building ……………………………………………………………..51
c) Environmental Management Programs ………………………………………………………52
d) Support Women’s Efforts …………………………………………………………………….52
e) Institution Building …………………………………………………………………………...53
f) Support NGOs’ Efforts ……………………………………………………………………….54
REFERENCE ……………………………………..……………………………………………56
