Impact of NGOs in Protecting Carpet Children in Nepal : A case study of "Beal Sanrakshyan ko Lagi Rastriya Samaaj" (National Society for the Protection of Children)
초록/요약
Most of the children come to work in the carpet factories from rural areas, where they are deprived of physical as well as mental development. Being a part of the large and poor family, children are always deprived of getting education, healthcare and of other fundamental needs. Lack of career opportunities in the villages, poor infra structures, unemployment, and all these put extra fuels in their attraction to city life. Sometimes, due to disintegrated family situation, the children find it quite tough to stay at their homes. When they decide to leave their homes, first they try to contact their relatives who are already working in the carpet factories. Through the contractors, they are taken to the factories where they begin a life leading towards darkness. While they are at the factories, they work for lower wages, sometimes even unpaid. A group of organizations with different interests have joined their hands to combat child labour in Nepal. However, the child focussed development activities is still in its primary stage. The concerned organizations are not working with children’s family, communities, institutions and other policy-making bodies. They are simply closing the eyes to the root causes from where child labours grow. They are just working on simple suggestive solution. Mainstream of their intervention programmes designed for the prevention and protection are mainly directed towards non-formal education and trainings. There are no such explicit programmes that aim to stop the children from entering the carpet works and rehabilitating them after they are rescued. In collaboration with CCIA and ILO, only CWIN, NRF, BSRS and NASPEC are running both preventive and rehabilitative programmes. BSRS, having its own typical programmes, has become quite successful in protecting children’s rights. Its programmes are quite immaculate yet a lot of improvement needs to be done so that it can achieve enhanced results. Some specific programmes like NFE, CRC, Family re-union programme, Vocational trainings, Helpline Centres and Income generating activities have played a vital role in gaining success and popularity in this segment. There is always a dilemma in selecting the programs that work best on behalf of the children. Education, awareness building, rescuing or re-integrations are the common specific programmes out of which have to be chosen for the intervention. That’s why, there is a need to establish and pursue a collaborative approach among these organizations in order to do better and achieve enhance results in future. For organizational attitudes and practices, all coalition partners should work as facilitators and be responsible for evaluation and learning process of the organizations. There is always a need of strong government in order to promote inter-organizational support for the programming of such children related issues. Sharing of resources and transfer of skills among the organizations can be encouraged through external facilitation. To eradicate the problem from its very root, educational opportunities to the children should be provided at maximum. School infra structures should be made strong especially in rustic areas. When school education is not met, the act of vocational trainings should be promoted so that they become professional. Vocational trainings to the children can offer benefits in regard to unfair wages, longer working hours and above all with future job prospects. These sorts of trainings can be a way to break the vicious cycle of poverty through implementing various ‘income generating activities’ at grass root level. Since many of the children were forced to leave the factories to become street children, a collaborative approach has to be adopted in order to solve this problem. This is the best way because it avoids hurting anybody. Removing the children from the factories with out any reason is not a good idea both on the behalf of children and the employers. By promoting private sector we can strengthen the fragmented carpet industries and lessen the exploitation of the rights of the children. For successful implementation, there also needs a strong monitoring mechanism. Although these NGOs have gained marvellous achievement in this regard, to make more effective it requires perfection on selection and implementation of its intervention programmes. It should raise the voice of the child workers through media, advocacy or by organizing rallies. It should maintain a good relationship with its coalition partners, and at the same time it should create new relationships with associated organizations. By strengthening institutional capacity and vocational trainings it can make involve the children in several income generating activities. To create public awareness of legal provisions on child labour there needs to commence effective advocacy movement.
more목차
1. INTRODUCTION = 1
1.1 Background = 1
1.2 Review of Literature = 18
1.3 Statement of the Problem = 25
1.4 Rationale of the Study = 26
1.5 Objectives of the Study = 27
1.6 Limitations of the Study = 28
1.7 Methodology = 28
2. THE STUDY, DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS = 30
2.1 Data Analysis = 30
2.2 Impact Indicators = 30
2.3 Validity, Reliability and Generalizations of Data = 31
2.4 Distribution of the carpet children = 32
2.5 Age Groups of the Carpet Children = 32
2.6 Caste wise distribution of Carpet Children = 33
2.7 Reason for Leaving Homes = 33
2.8 Earnings of the carpet children = 34
2.9 Behavior of the contractors = 35
2.10 Health and Sanitary related Issues = 35
2.11 Care Takers during Illness = 36
2.12 Modes of Entertainment used by the children = 36
2.13 Nature of Working Place = 37
2.14 Perception of children towards jobs = 38
2.15 Reasons for children Unable to leave the work = 38
2.16 Occupation of Children after Rehabilitation = 39
3. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS = 40
3.1 Conclusions = 40
3.2 Recommendations = 45
BIBLIOGRAPHY = 49
APPENDIX = 51
