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Development and validation of GC-MS method for determination of unintentional chemical additives in disposable menstrual products

초록/요약

Chemical additives are used in a variety of products to improve or sustain the quality of foods or products. Unintentional chemical additives can be resided in final product from the raw materials or the manufacturing process. In this study, we aimed to develop and validate a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of 5 unintentional chemical additives in disposable menstrual products. The sanitary pads were homogenized using Freezer-mill. The ultrasonic extraction method including solvent and time was optimized using homogenized sample powder. The developed analytical method was validated for specificity, linearity, LOQ, accuracy, and precision according to ICH Q2 (R1) guideline. Validation results showed excellent method performance characteristics such as linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9950), LOQ (0.01~0.31 µg/g), accuracy (recovery 94.4~158.7%), and precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 2.9%). Butylated hydroxytoluene showed the highest detection rate in the sanitary pad. The average content was the highest in glycerol tricaprylate. Therefore, the developed analysis method is reliable, can be applied to determine the unintentional chemical additives in sanitary pads, and will further contribute to the safety management of sanitary pads.

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초록/요약

화학첨가제는 식품이나 제품의 품질을 개선하거나 더 오래 유지하기 위해 다양한 제품에 사용된다. 제품을 개선하거나 향상시키기 위해 제조사에서 의도적으로 넣은 첨가제가 있는 반면, 의도하지 않은 화학 첨가제는 원료 또는 제조 공정에서 최종 제품에 잔류하여 인체에 유해할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내에서 의약외품으로 분류된 일회용 생리용품에서 5 종의 비의도적 화학 첨가제 동시 분석을 위한 가스 크로마토그래피-질량분석법 (GC-MS) 방법을 개발하고 검증하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 동결 분쇄기 (Freezer-mill)를 이용하여 생리대를 균질화하였다. 균질화된 생리대 파우더를 이용하여 추출 용매, 추출 방법, 추출 시간을 최적화하였다. 개발된 분석법은 ICH Q2 (R1) 가이드라인에 따라 특이성, 직선성, LOQ, 정확도 및 정밀도를 평가하였다. 검증 결과 직선성 (R 2 651 ≥ 0.9950), LOQ (0.01~0.31 μg/g), 정확도 (회수율 94.4~158.7%), 정밀도 (상대표준편차 ≤ 2.9%) 등 우수한 결과를 보였다. 확립된 분석법은 12 종의 생리대에 적용하여 모니터링하였다. 생리대에서 Butylated hydroxytoluene은 가장 높은 검출률을 보였다. 평균 함량은 Glycerol tricaprylate가 가장 높았다. 따라서 개발된 분석 방법은 신뢰할 수 있고 생리대에 존재하는 비의도적 화학 첨가제를 검출하는데 적용할 수 있으며, 더 나아가 생리대 안전관리에 기여할 것이다.

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목차

1. Introduction 1
1.1. Unintentional chemical additives 1
1.2. Disposable menstrual products and their safety issues 3
1.3. Target analytes in this study and analytical methods 6
1.4. Aims of this study 9
2. Materials and methods 10
2.1. Chemicals 10
2.2. Reagents and Instruments 10
2.3. Sanitary pad samples 11
2.4. Equipment 11
2.5. Preparation of solutions 12
2.5.1. Individual standard stock solution 12
2.5.2. Standard mix solution 12
2.5.3. Internal standard stock solution 12
2.5.4. Diluted standard solutions 12
2.6. Sample homogenization 13
2.7. Selection of GC column 14
2.8. Selection of IS 15
2.9. Optimization of GC oven conditions 16
2.10. Development of extraction conditions 17
2.10.1. Extraction solvent 17
2.10.2. Extraction time 19
2.11. Development of matrix 20
2.12. Preparation of standard and sample solution 21
2.12.1. Matrix-matched standard solution 21
2.12.2. Sample solution 21
2.12.3. GC-MS conditions 21
2.13. Method validation 22
2.13.1. Specificity 22
2.13.2. Linearity 22
2.13.3. LOD and LOQ 23
2.13.4. Accuracy and precision 23
3. Results and discussion 24
3.1. Selection of GC column 24
3.2. Selection of IS 26
3.3. Optimization of GC oven conditions 28
3.4. Development of extraction conditions 30
3.4.1. Extraction solvent 30
3.4.2. Extraction time 32
3.5. Development of matrix 34
3.6. Method validation 36
3.6.1. Specificity 36
3.6.2. Linearity, LOD, and LOQ 38
3.6.3. Accuracy and precision 40
3.7. Application to real samples 42
4. Conclusion 44
Reference 46

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