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Role of AMPK in regulation of oxaliplatin-resistant human colorectal cancer

인간 대장암의 옥살리플라틴 내성 조절에서 AMPK의 역할 연구

초록/요약

Oxaliplatin is a platinum analog that can interfere with DNA replication and transcription. Continuous exposure to oxaliplatin results in chemoresistance; however, this mechanism is not well known. In this study, oxaliplatin-resistant (OR) colorectal cancer (CRC) cells of HCT116, HT29, SW480, SW620 were stablished by gradually increasing the drug concentration to 2.5 μM. The inhibitory concentrations of cell growth by 50% (IC50) of oxaliplatin were 4.40–12.7-fold significantly higher in OR CRC cells as compared to their respective parental (PT) CRC cells. Phospho-Akt and phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) decreased in PT CRC cells but was overexpressed in OR CRC cells in response to oxaliplatin. In addition, an oxaliplatin-mediated decrease in phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in PT CRC cells induced autophagy. Contrastingly, an increased phospho-AMPK in OR CRC cells was accompanied by a decrease in LC3B, further inducing the activity of glycolytic enzymes, such as glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) and phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), to mediate cell survival. Inhibition of AMPK in OR CRC cells induced autophagy through inactivation of Akt/mTOR pathway and a decrease in GLUT1, PFKFB3 and PFK1. Collectively, targeting AMPK may provide solutions to overcome chemoresistance in OR CRC cells and restore chemosensitivity to anticancer drugs.

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초록/요약

옥살리플라틴(Oxaliplatin)은 DNA 복제 및 전사를 방해할 수 있는 백금 유사체입니다. 옥살리플라틴의 지속적인 노출은 화학적 내성을 초래하지만, 이러한 메커니즘은 잘 알려져 있지 않습니다. 본 연구에서는 약물 농도를 최대 2.5 μM 까지 단계적으로 증가시켜 HCT116, HT29, SW480, SW620의 옥살리플라틴 내성 (OR) 대장암 세포를 확립하였습니다. 옥살리플라틴에 의한 50% 세포 성장 억제 농도(IC50)값은 각각 모세포(PT)에 비해 옥살리플라틴 내성 세포(OR)에서 4.40-12.7배 높았습니다. PT 세포에서는 phospho-Akt와 phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)가 감소하였으나 OR 세포에서는 옥살리플라틴에 반응하여 과발현되었습니다. 또한, PT 세포에서 phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)의 옥살리플라틴 매개 감소는 autophagy를 유도했습니다. 대조적으로, OR 세포에서 phospho-AMPK의 증가는 LC3B의 감소를 동반하여 해당과정에 관여하는 단백질인 glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) 및 phosphofructokinase (PFK1)의 활성을 더 유도하여 세포 생존을 매개하였습니다. OR 세포에서 AMPK의 억제는 Akt/mTOR 경로를 불활성화시키고, GLUT1, PFKFB3 및 PFK1를 감소시켜서 자가포식을 유도하였습니다. 집합적으로, AMPK를 표적화하는 것은 OR 세포의 화학적 내성을 극복하고 항암제에 대한 화학민감성을 회복시키는 솔루션을 제공할 수 있습니다.

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목차

I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 4
A. Chemicals 4
B. Cell culture and establishment of oxaliplatin resistant in CRC cells 4
C. Cell proliferation assay 5
D. Immunofluorescence analysis 5
E. Protein isolation and immunoblot analysis 6
F. Statistical analysis 6
III. RESULTS 7
A. Establishment of resistance to oxaliplatin in CRC cells 7
B. Effects of oxaliplatin resistance on drug efflux pumps 9
C. Effects of oxaliplatin resistance on the metabolism of glucose 11
D. Effects of AMPK on autophagy 13
E. Effects of AMPK on glucose metabolism 18
IV. DISCUSSION 22
V. CONCLUSION 26
REFERENCES 28
KOREAN ABSTRACT 33

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