The Role of Civil society in Promoting Peace and Reconciliation: On the East and west Divide in 2006 Crisis in Timor-Leste : A case study of Timor-Leste
- 주제(키워드) Peace and Reconciliation , East and West Crisis in 2006 , Timor-Leste , Ajou University
- 주제(DDC) 323.042
- 발행기관 아주대학교
- 지도교수 Shing-Goo Kang
- 발행년도 2023
- 학위수여년월 2023. 2
- 학위명 석사
- 학과 국제대학원 시민사회학과
- 실제URI http://www.dcollection.net/handler/ajou/000000032372
- 본문언어 영어
- 저작권 아주대학교 논문은 저작권에 의해 보호받습니다.
초록/요약
Abstract Timor-Leste was a formally independent country on 20th May 2002 in a globalization epoch; the country’s status was post-traumatic conflicts. The process of social and economic development is under fragile conditions. The political situation was critically delicate from 2002 to 2006; the country faced a crisis in 2006 because of the political and military conflicts at the level of the army institution; then, the division and fragmentation of society were divided into two parts: East (Lorosa’e) and West (Loro-Monu). Crisis appeared. Thirty-eight were killed (38) and sixty-nine (69) injured in the violence of April and May 2006. Over half of the victims were civilians. Around 150,000 people were displaced, and over 1,600 houses were destroyed. At the same time, the government institutional failed to prevent the conflicts because 600 militaries from the west became petitioners against the government, and the escalations of disputes increased. Here, the role of civil society organizations was significant in promoting peace and reconciliation, realize dialogue, and conflict mediation to ensure conflict resolution for both sides. This thesis will explore and elaborate on two crucial sections: the first point, the role of civil society organizations in promoting peace and reconciliation, and the second point, to explain and elaborate on the CSOs' methods of peace approach from the bottom-up level and also structural level approach. Keywords: The Role of CSOs, Peace, and Reconciliations, East and West Crisis, Timor-Leste 2006
more목차
Chapter I 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Research question 5
1.3 Hypothesis 5
1.4 The objective of the research 5
1.5 Historical background and the origin of conflicts: East and West divide in the 2006 crisis in Timor-Leste 6
1.6 The period of decolonization: Portuguese left Timor-Leste 8
1.7 Illegal invasion of Indonesian Military to Timor-Leste in 1975 9
1.8 The notion of Civil society organization (CSOs) 12
1.9 Details description of the thesis structure writing: Chapter-I, chapter-II, Chapter-III, chapter-IV, and chapter-V 13
Chapter II 16
Theoretical Discussion 16
2.1 The Theory of Liberal Peace-Building 16
2.2 The Hybrid Peace and Critique to Liberal Peace theory 20
2.3 Theory of Reconciliation Process in Timor-Leste 23
2.4 The Theory of Conflicts Resolution: in Timor-Leste “Tara-Bandu” 26
2.5 Johan Galtung Theory: direct violence, cultural violence and structural violence 28
2.7 In the next figure-1, I will explain the forms of violence according to Johan Galtung's conception. 30
2.8 Direct violence (visible) and cultural violence: 31
2.9 The Structural Violence theory 32
Chapter III 35
Research method 35
3.1Qualitative Research Methods 35
3.2 Type of Data and Data Source 36
a. Primary Data Source: 37
b. Secondary Data Source: 38
3.2 Data Collection Methods 39
3.3 Technique of Data Analysis 40
3.4 Data Reduction 41
3.5 Data Display 42
3.6 Conclusion Drawing 42
3.7 Data Validity 43
Chapter IV 44
Research Result 44
4.1 Civil Society's Efforts to Promote Peace and Reconciliation During the Crisis of 2006-2008: Based on the Philosophy and Spirit of Nahe-Biti. 44
4.2 Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) and Traditional Practices, Mechanism of Conflict Management in Timor-Leste During Conflicts in 2006-2008. 48
4.3. Civil Society and Inclusive Traditional Dialogue Process: “Nahe-Biti” and Oath “Juramentu”: Two Timorese Grassroots Mechanism. 49
4.4 Civil Society Organizations, People-Centered Approach: Peace and Reconciliation in the East (Lorosa'e) and West (Loro-monu) Division. 50
4.5 Grassroots Peace & Reconciliation Models During the East and West Crisis in 2006 52
4.6 Civil Society Organization and the Return of National Unity, After the Civil War in 2006-2008. 54
Chapter V 58
Conclusion 58
5.1 Civil society, Nahe Biti and Peace and reconciliation: The East and West divide in 2006, Crisis in Timor-Leste 58
5.2 Civil society organizations, ultimate goal of Nahe-biti and Grassroots reconciliations: Sustain a stable social order 60
5.3 Recommendation 61
References/bibliographies 64
Internet sites and websites 66
