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Preparation of Squalene-based Adjuvants using a Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System for Enhanced Antigen-Specific Antibody Titers in Mice

초록/요약

Subunit vaccines do not induce strong immune responses by themselves. Therefore, an adjuvant, a substance that increases the immune response to antigens was developed. Various adjuvant has been developed, but most of them are cytotoxic, therefore, it is necessary to develop a stable and effective adjuvant to be used in the vaccine. The mechanism of the adjuvant is to recruit many immune cells in the injection site by delaying the release of antigens. Adjuvant should be able to help with immune response to antigens to antigens through antigen stabilization. Squalene, which is used as an adjuvant to vaccines, can induce immune responses by producing CD4 memory cells, as well as has antioxidant functions. Therefore, in this study, the squalene-based o/w emulsions were prepared and its effect on the stability of the antigen was evaluated. A self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) was used for the preparation of squalene-based o/w emulsions and pseudo ternary-phase diagram was constructed to find an appropriate mixing ratio of the two surfactants (Span® 85 and Kolliphor®RH40). The fifteen emulsions were prepared by stirring two types of surfactants, squalene, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at different ratios. The physical properties of all formulations were determined by measuring particle size, zeta potential, and viscosity. Antigen-specific antibody titers in mice sera were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and emulsion F1 and F4 showed increased antibody titer than commercial alum-based adjuvant. Squalene-based adjuvants, F1 and F4, prepared by SEDDS could be a novel system for the development of adjuvant to improve immune responses to the vaccine.

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초록/요약

백신은 특정 항원에 대한 후천성 면역을 부여함으로써 바이러스의 감염으로부터 인체를 보호할 수 있는 의약품이다. 재조합 단백질 백신의 경우 그 자체만으로는 강력한 면역 반응을 유도할 수 없기 때문에 항원에 대한 면역 반응을 도와주는 면역보조제의 사용이 필요하다. SEDDS는 친유성 약물의 경구 흡수를 향상시키기 위해 고안된 방법으로 친유성 약물과 양 친매성 물질인 계면활성제를 혼합한 약물 전달 시스템이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 SEDDS를 이용하여 면역보조제 목적으로 활용할 수중유 에멀젼을 개발하고자 하였다. 제조된 15개의 스쿠알렌 기반의 수중유 에멀젼은 제타전위와 점도측정을 통해 물리적 특성을 파악하였고, 제조된 모든 에멀전은 상온에서 4주간 보관하여도 안정하였다. 또한 면역 보조제로서의 활용 가치를 평가하기 위해 수행한 면역화 실험 및 마우스 혈청 ELISA 결과를 통해 제조한 에멀젼이 시판중인 alum 기반의 면역보조제와 유사한 효능을 보였으며, 2종의 포뮬레이션은 시판중인 면역보조제보다 우수한 효능을 나타냈다. 본 연구를 통해 항원에 대한 항체 형성능이 우수한 스쿠알렌 기반의 수중유 에멀젼의 조성을 확보하였으며, 해당 조성의 에멀젼이 면역보조제로서 우수하게 작용하여 추후 활용 가능함을 확인하였다.

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목차

1. Introduction 1
2. Materials and Methods 5
2.1. Materials 5
2.2 Determination of appropriate mixing ratio of two surfactants 5
2.3 Calculation of HLB value 6
2.4 Preparation of squalene-based o/w emulsions 6
2.5 Measurement of particle distribution 7
2.6 Measurement of viscosity 7
2.7 Acute toxicity test 8
2.8 Mouse immunization and measurement of rVP1-specific antibody titers 8
2.9 Statistical study 10
3. Results and Discussion 11
3.1 Pseudo ternary-phase diagram and HLB value 11
3.2 Formation of squalene-based o/w emulsions 13
3.3 Physicochemical properties of o/w emulsions 16
3.4 Viscosity study 18
3.5 Safety of squalene-based o/w emulsions 20
3.6 Mice immunization and assessment of immune response to rVP1 22
4. Conclusion 25
References 26
-국문요약- 30


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