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IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC RURAL ELECTRIFICATION IN RWANDA CASE STUDY: BUGESERA DISTRICT

초록/요약

Nowadays, in the world there are many people living without access to electricity that is almost 1.3 billion where more about 600 million reside in sub-Sahara Africa. In Rwanda, over 7 million of population still now does not have access to electrical energy, and then the target of the country is to move to a middle-income country from a developing country by 2030. So, to achieve this goal Rwanda is making efforts of raising available electricity from current 218 MW to 586 MW by the year 2024 and increasing electricity access from current 46.46 percent to 100 percent both on grid and off grid (52% and 48% Respectively) within the same period. In addition to that, the larger part of Rwandan Population lacking access to electrical energy lives in remote areas, and also this country has no access to fossil fuel and the hydropower resources are nearly completely developed. To find the resolution of the growing demand of electrical energy, the country has put its focus in the development of solar off grid system especially in rural area where electrification through solar photovoltaic (PV) has arisen as unique potential way to leave this energy poverty. In fact, this research outlines the background and current status of solar off grid in Rwanda and also including Primary data collected from a field survey in BUGESERA District by using Questionnaire in the process of gathering information, including also Secondary data collected from different related reports from Ministry of Infrastructure (MININFRA), Rwanda Energy Group (REG), MOBISOL company, and other official documents. In this project, the data entry and analysis of data obtained from the survey was performed by using Census and Survey Processing System (CSPro) software, and also by using software known as Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS). The outcomes obtained, revealed that Solar PV System had benefit effects linked to social activities such as education, safety, health, economy, mobile phone, and environment. This research concluded by providing proposed way forward, policy and recommendation for future implementation.

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목차

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1
1.1. Context 1
1.2. Study area 3
1.3. Problem Statement 4
1.4. Research objectives 4
1.4.1. Specific objectives 4
1.5. Research questions 5
1.6. Research hypothesis 5
1.7. Limitation of thesis 5
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1. Energy Sector in Rwanda 6
2.1.1. Rwanda main source of Energy for lighting 8
2.2. Overview of Renewable energy in Rwanda 9
2.2.1. Hydropower 9
2.2.2. Solar Energy 9
2.2.3. Geothermal 10
2.2.4. Wind 11
2.2.5. Comparison between Hydropower and Solar Energy in RWANDA 11
2.3. Solar PV systems 12
2.3.1. On-grid system 12
2.3.2. Off-grid System 13
2.3.3. Hybrid Power System 14
2.4. Rural Electrification 14
2.5. Solar PV Rural Electrification 15
2.6. Conceptual Framework 16
2.7. Potential and Barriers of solar PV Rural Electrification 17
2.8. Conclusion 18
CHAPTER 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 19
3.1. Research Approach and Design 19
3.2. Target Population. 19
3.3. Sample size determination 19
3.4. Data collection 20
3.5. Data analysis techniques 21
CHAPTER 4. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS 22
4.1. Demographic Characteristics 22
4.1.1. Gender and Age Group 22
4.1.2. Education level and marital status of the head of the Family 23
4.1.3. Main House Occupation and House Tenure 23
4.1.4. Number of Persons in HH 24
4.2. Education 25
4.2.1. Study time 25
4.2.2. Education Benefits 26
4.3. Health Benefits 27
4.4. Solar PV Capacity 28
4.5. Finance 29
4.5.1. Monthly Payment and Affordability of the Loan 29
4.6. Equipment 30
4.6.1. Electrical Appliances 30
4.6.2. Usage of solar technology 30
4.7. Nature and Resolution of the Problem 31
4.8. Support Service 32
4.9. Receiving information 33
4.10. Benefit 34
CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 36
5.1. Conclusion 36
5.2. Recommendation 37
References 39
Appendix 44

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